Pro Milone by Cicero (52 BC)

All five speeches in the Oxford University Press selection of Defence Speeches by Cicero are given extremely thorough and wonderfully lucid introductions by the volume’s editor and translator, D.H. Berry. Pro Milone has the longest introduction of the lot, at 12 pages of small font, i.e. a lot of content because there’s a lot to […]

Pro Caelio by Cicero (56 BC)

Background Marcus Tullius Cicero gave the speech known as Pro Caelio on 4 April 56 BC in defence of his young protegé and one-time friend, Marcus Caelius Rufus, generally known as Caelius. The full background to the trial is staggeringly complicated. It is explained in great detail and with admirable clarity by D.H. Berry, editor […]

Pro Archia by Cicero (62 BC)

Pro Archia is the shortest of the five speeches contained in the excellent Oxford University Press edition of Defence Speeches of Cicero, edited and translated by D.H. Berry (2000). It’s barely 12 pages long and yet even this slip of a thing requires a detailed three-page introduction from Dr Berry. In it he explains that: […]

Pro Murena by Cicero (63 BC)

‘Hardly anyone dances when he is sober, unless he is insane…’ (Cicero defending his client against charges of loose living in Pro Murena) It is late November 63 BC and Marcus Tullius Cicero is drawing towards the end of his year serving as one of Rome’s two consuls. The last few months have been marked by […]

The poems of Propertius translated by Ronald Musker

He errs who expects the madness of love to end; Love that is true can know no measure… In life I shall always be hers; in death I shall be hers still. (Book 2, elegy 15) Robert Maltby’s introduction to the Oxford University Press edition of the elegies of Tibullus is outstanding in its clarity […]

Introduction to the defence speeches of Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 to 43 BC), without the benefit of coming from a patrician or aristocratic family, rose by hard work to become the leading Roman lawyer and orator of his day. For a generation he dominated the Roman courts, usually appearing for the defence. We know of 88 law speeches he gave and […]

On Friendship by Cicero (44 BC)

‘Friendship is the noblest and most delightful of all the gifts the gods have given to mankind.’ (On Friendship, section 5) On Friendship is a treatise or long essay by Marcus Tullius Cicero, 50 pages long in the Penguin volume titled On The Good Life. The setting is a little convoluted. It is set in […]

On Old Age by Cicero (44 BC)

‘Of what immense worth is it for the soul to be with itself, to live, as the phrase is, with itself, discharged from the service of lust, ambition, strife, enmities, desires of every kind!’ (On old age by Cicero) Cicero wrote De senectute or ‘Of old age’ to disabuse people of their negative stereotypes about […]

On the laws by Cicero

We are born for justice and what is just is based, not on opinion, but on nature. (De legibus, book I, section 28) Cicero began writing the De legibus or On the laws during the same period as the De republica, i.e. the late 50s BC, but suspended work on it when he was compelled […]

De republica by Cicero (54 BC)

The best possible political constitution represents a judicious blend of these three types: monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. (De republica by Cicero, fragment of Book 2) De republica was written by the Roman lawyer, orator, politician and philosophical populariser Marcus Tullius Cicero between 54 and 51 BC. It is variously translated into English as The Republic, A […]